Of all times, just when: 〜に限って
N + に限って
N + に限って: “of all times, just then” (bad luck) or “not him, never” (trust). Distinguish it from に限り (only), に限る (nothing beats) and に限らず (not only).
In short
〜に限って has two uses. The more common: bad luck striking at the worst moment, “it's precisely when… that” (急いでいる時に限って電車が遅れる). The other: absolute trust in someone, “not him, never” (うちの子に限って、そんなことはしない). Watch out for its neighbours に限り, に限る, に限らず.
- 急いでいる時に限って、電車が遅れる。いそいでいるときにかぎって、でんしゃがおくれる。It's always when I'm in a hurry that the train is late.
- 傘を持っていない日に限って、雨が降る。かさをもっていないひにかぎって、あめがふる。It's always on the days I don't have an umbrella that it rains.
- うちの子に限って、そんなことをするはずがない。うちのこにかぎって、そんなことをするはずがない。My child, of all people, would never do such a thing.
The basics
限る means “to limit”. 〜に限って singles out a moment or a person, as if to say “that one, of all of them”. With a moment, it's Murphy's law: what was bound to happen happens at exactly the wrong time, and you grumble about it.
So the second part describes a setback: a delay, something forgotten, rain, a breakdown.
It's always when I'm in a hurry that the train is late.
- verb
- noun
- grammatical form
- 今日に限って、財布を忘れてきた。きょうにかぎって、さいふをわすれてきた。Today, of all days, I've forgotten my wallet.
“Not him, never”: absolute trust
With a person, 〜に限って expresses total trust: “if there's anyone who wouldn't do that, it's him”. The sentence ends with a strong negative: はずがない, わけがない, 〜ない.
- うちの子に限って、うそをつくはずがない。うちのこにかぎって、うそをつくはずがない。My child, of all people, would never lie.
- あのまじめな山田さんに限って、約束を忘れるわけがない。あのまじめなやまださんにかぎって、やくそくをわすれるわけがない。Yamada, so conscientious, can't possibly have forgotten the appointment.
The four cousins of 限る
The same verb gives several constructions that are easily confused. Learn them together: に限って (just when — bad luck or trust), に限り (only, in announcements), に限る (nothing beats), に限らず (N3, not only).
| Construction | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| N に限って | of all times (bad luck) / not him, never | 急いでいる時に限って |
| N に限り | only, limited to (announcements) | 先着十名に限り |
| N に限る | nothing beats | 夏はビールに限る |
| N に限らず | not only | 子どもに限らず大人も |
- 先着十名に限り、半額でご利用いただけます。せんちゃくじゅうめいにかぎり、はんがくでごりよういただけます。For the first ten people only, it's half price.
- 疲れた時は、ゆっくりお風呂に入るに限る。つかれたときは、ゆっくりおふろにはいるにかぎる。When you're tired, nothing beats a long soak in the bath.
- このゲームは子どもに限らず、大人も楽しめる。このげーむはこどもにかぎらず、おとなもたのしめる。This game isn't just for children: adults enjoy it too.
Common mistakes
- Translating に限って as “limited to” in the bad-luck use: it's “just when, of all times”.
- Mixing up the four forms: に限って (just when), に限り (only), に限る (nothing beats), に限らず (not only).
- Forgetting the strong negative in the “trust” use: うちの子に限って calls for はずがない or わけがない.
7 exercises on this point
Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N2 point is on the Kintetsu Nagoya Line (Rites and daily life) of the Nagoya lines.