Along with, as a result of: 〜に伴って
N / Verb (dictionary) + に伴って／に伴い／に伴う + N
N / Verb + に伴って (written: に伴い; before a noun: に伴う): one change bringing about another, or what results from an event. Written register: the press, official notices.
In short
〜に伴って links two changes: when A happens or develops, B naturally comes with it (“with, as, along with, following”). 伴う (ともなう) means “to accompany, to entail”. The expression is also used for what results from an official event: 工事に伴う通行止め (the road closure due to the works). Written register: the press, official notices, reports.
- 人口の増加に伴って、住宅が足りなくなった。じんこうのぞうかにともなって、じゅうたくがたりなくなった。With the rise in population, there's no longer enough housing.
- 工事に伴い、この道は来月まで通行止めになります。こうじにともない、このみちはらいげつまでつうこうどめになります。Due to the works, this road will be closed to traffic until next month.
- 年を取るに伴って、体力が落ちてきた。としをとるにともなって、たいりょくがおちてきた。As I've got older, my stamina has declined.
- 台風の接近に伴う大雨に注意してください。たいふうのせっきんにともなうおおあめにちゅういしてください。Please beware of heavy rain as the typhoon approaches.
The basics
伴う is “to accompany, to go hand in hand with”. 〜に伴って links a change A to a change B that follows it like a shadow: the population rises, housing runs short; you age, your strength declines. Nobody intends B: it flows naturally from A.
A second use, very common on signs and in notices: what comes with an official event (works, a relocation, a change of rules). 工事に伴い、通行止め: “road closed due to works”.
Due to the works, this road will be closed to traffic.
- noun
- grammatical form
- verb
- 高齢化に伴って、医療費が増えている。こうれいかにともなって、いりょうひがふえている。With the ageing of the population, medical costs are rising.
- 社長の交代に伴い、会社の方針も変わった。しゃちょうのこうたいにともない、かいしゃのほうしんもかわった。With the change of president, company policy changed too.
How to form it
You attach it to a noun, very often one for a change or an event (増加, 発展, 変化, 普及, 工事, 移転), or to a verb in the dictionary form. に伴い is the written continuative form; before a noun, you say に伴う.
| Construction | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| N + に伴って | 経済の発展に伴って | with economic development |
| Verb + に伴って | 年を取るに伴って | as one gets older |
| N + に伴い (written) | 移転に伴い | following the relocation (of premises) |
| N + に伴う + N | 工事に伴う騒音 | noise caused by the works |
- 店の移転に伴い、電話番号が変わりました。みせのいてんにともない、でんわばんごうがかわりました。Following the shop's relocation, the phone number has changed.
- 工事に伴う騒音で、ご迷惑をおかけします。こうじにともなうそうおんで、ごめいわくをおかけします。We apologise for any inconvenience caused by noise from the works.
に伴って, につれて, とともに, ながら
につれて (N3) stresses parallel progression: as A advances, B advances (時間がたつにつれて). に伴って can say the same thing, but it also covers the one-off link “following, due to” (移転に伴い), and it's distinctly more written.
とともに (N3) is broader: “at the same time as, with”, including with people (家族とともに). Finally, ながら links two actions done at the same time by the same person: に伴って is never used for that.
| Expression | Idea | Register |
|---|---|---|
| につれて | parallel progression | neutral |
| に伴って | one change brings another; result of an event | written, press, notices |
| とともに | at the same time, with (people too) | written |
| ながら | two actions by the same person | neutral |
- 時間がたつにつれて、町の様子も変わっていった。じかんがたつにつれて、まちのようすもかわっていった。As time went by, the look of the town changed too.
- 家族とともに、名古屋に引っ越した。かぞくとともに、なごやにひっこした。I moved to Nagoya with my family.
Common mistakes
- Using it for two simultaneous human actions: “音楽を聞くに伴って勉強する” is wrong; it's 音楽を聞きながら勉強する.
- Using it with a person: “友だちに伴って” doesn't mean “with a friend”; you say 友だちと一緒に or 友だちとともに.
- Putting に伴って before a noun: you say 工事に伴う騒音, not “工事に伴って騒音” as a noun phrase.
7 exercises on this point
Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N2 point is on the Meikō Line (The economy and trade) of the Nagoya lines.