KotojutsuStart

Version française

Probably: 〜だろう

Plain form + だろう(noun / な-adj: without だ)

Plain form + だろう (no だ after a noun or a な-adj): the plain form of でしょう, “probably”. Polite with 〜だろうと 思います; rising だろう? looks for agreement.

In short

だろう is the plain form of でしょう (seen at N5): “probably, I suppose”. It's used in writing, when talking to yourself, and in speech in a rather masculine style. Followed by 〜と 思います, it becomes a polite and very common way of making a prediction.

  • あしたは 雨だろう。あしたは あめだろう。It'll probably rain tomorrow.
  • 田中さんも 来るだろうと 思います。たなかさんも くるだろうと おもいます。I think Mr Tanaka will come too.
  • 東京は 今ごろ 寒いだろうな。とうきょうは いまごろ さむいだろうな。It must be cold in Tokyo right now.
  • この たこやき、おいしいだろう?この たこやき、おいしいだろう?These takoyaki are good, aren't they?

The basics

You know でしょう: “probably”. だろう says exactly the same thing in the plain form. You'll meet it in written texts, in manga characters' thoughts, and in the speech of men talking among themselves.

The sentence, piece by piece
あしたはtomorrow (topic)
雨rain
だろうprobably (plain)

It'll probably rain tomorrow.

  • noun
  • grammatical form
  • あしたは 雨でしょう。あしたは あめでしょう。It'll probably rain tomorrow. (polite)
  • あしたは 雨だろう。あしたは あめだろう。It'll probably rain tomorrow. (plain)

How to form it

Verbs and い-adjectives go in the plain form before だろう. Nouns and な-adjectives lose their だ: you never say “雨だだろう”. In the past, however, だった stays: 雨だっただろう.

TypePresentPast
verb来るだろう来ただろう
い-adjective寒いだろう寒かっただろう
な-adjective静かだろう静かだっただろう
noun雨だろう雨だっただろう
  • きのうの テストは 難しかっただろう。きのうの テストは むずかしかっただろう。Yesterday's test must have been hard.

Where do you hear it?

On its own at the end of a sentence addressed to someone, だろう sounds direct and rather masculine. With a superior, say でしょう.

But 〜だろうと 思います is polite and very frequent: it's the normal way of saying “I think it'll…” for a prediction. And in a monologue, 〜だろうな / 〜だろうか expresses an inner thought.

  • この 仕事は 来週までに 終わるだろうと 思います。この しごとは らいしゅうまでに おわるだろうと おもいます。I think this work will be done by next week.
  • 田中さんは 元気だろうか。たなかさんは げんきだろうか。I wonder if Mr Tanaka is well.

だろう?: looking for agreement

Said with rising intonation, だろう? (or でしょう?) isn't asking for information: you expect the other person to agree. It's English “right?”, “isn't it?”, “didn't I?”.

  • ほら、言った だろう?ほら、いった だろう?See, I told you, didn't I?
  • この 店、安いでしょう?この みせ、やすいでしょう?This shop's cheap, isn't it?

Common mistakes

  • Keeping だ before だろう: 雨だろう, never “雨だだろう”.
  • Saying だろう to a superior: use でしょう, or 〜だろうと 思います.
  • Thinking だろう is as certain as はず: はず rests on specific logic; だろう is a looser estimate.

7 exercises on this point

Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N4 point is on the Sennichimae Line (Nights out) of the Osaka subway.