Spoken quotation marks: 〜って
Sentence / noun + って
って is the spoken version of と, という, そうだ or は: quoting, naming, passing on a rumour, setting a topic. Casual; keep it for people you're close to.
In short
って is the casual spoken form of several little words: と for quoting (来ないって), という for naming or defining (「さしみ」って 何?), そうだ for “I hear that” (雨だって), and sometimes は for the topic. You hear it in every conversation between people who are close.
- 田中さん、今日は 来ないって。たなかさん、きょうは こないって。Mr Tanaka said he's not coming today.
- 「さしみ」って 何ですか。「さしみ」って なんですか。What's “sashimi”?
- あした 雨だって。あした あめだって。I hear it's going to rain tomorrow.
- 大阪って、楽しい 町だね。おおさかって、たのしい まちだね。Osaka's a fun city, isn't it?
The basics
In speech, Japanese people often replace と, という or そうだ with a little って. It makes the sentence lighter and quicker. It works a bit like spoken English quotation: “he's not coming, he says”, “he's like, I'm not coming”.
On its own at the end of a sentence, って often means “he/she said that” or “I hear that”: the sentence stops, and the verb 言った is understood.
Mr Tanaka said he's not coming today.
- noun
- verb
- particle
- 田中さんは 今日は 来ないと 言って いました。たなかさんは きょうは こないと いって いました。Mr Tanaka said he wouldn't come today. (polite)
The four uses
To understand って, put back the longer word it replaces. The sentence then becomes clear again.
| って replaces… | Spoken version | Full version |
|---|---|---|
| と (quotation) | あした 来るって 言った | あした 来ると 言った |
| という (naming, defining) | 「さしみ」って 何? | 「さしみ」と いうのは 何ですか |
| そうだ (hearsay) | 雨だって | 雨だそうです |
| は (topic) | 大阪って 楽しいね | 大阪は 楽しいですね |
- 山田って 人から 電話が あったよ。やまだって ひとから でんわが あったよ。Someone called Yamada phoned.
- あの 店、来週 閉まるって。あの みせ、らいしゅう しまるって。I hear that shop's closing next week.
In a real conversation
In a quick exchange, several って can follow one another with different meanings. Don't panic: each time, ask yourself whether there's a quotation, a definition, a rumour or just a topic.
- A:田中さん、何て? B:あした 来られないって。A:たなかさん、なんて? B:あした こられないって。A: What did Mr Tanaka say? B: That he can't come tomorrow.
- 「おおきに」って、大阪の ことばで 「ありがとう」って 意味だよ。「おおきに」って、おおさかの ことばで 「ありがとう」って いみだよ。“Ōkini” is Osaka dialect for “thank you”.
A word for people you're close to
って is casual. With a customer, a superior or in writing, go back to the full forms: と 言って いました, と いう, そうです. On the other hand, you'll see it everywhere in messages between friends and in TV dramas.
- 部長は あした 休むそうです。ぶちょうは あした やすむそうです。I hear the department manager will be off tomorrow. (at work)
Common mistakes
- Using it in writing or in formal situations: it's spoken language between people who are close.
- Looking for a single meaning for って: it replaces と, という, そうだ or は depending on the sentence.
- Thinking a sentence ending in って is incomplete: 言った is understood.
8 exercises on this point
Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N4 point is on the Sennichimae Line (Nights out) of the Osaka subway.