KotojutsuStart

Version française

It seems that: 〜ようだ

Plain form + ようです; noun + の ようです; な-adj + な ようです

Plain form + ようだ (noun + の, な-adj + な): “it seems that”, from what you observe. With まるで: “like”. ような + noun, ように + verb.

In short

〜ようだ (polite: 〜ようです) expresses a guess based on what you observe yourself: “it seems that, it looks as if”. It's also used for comparisons: 〜の ようだ, “like, it's like a…”.

  • 電気が きえて います。だれも いない ようです。でんきが きえて います。だれも いない ようです。The lights are off. It seems nobody's in.
  • 田中さんは かぜを ひいた ようです。たなかさんは かぜを ひいた ようです。It seems Mr Tanaka has caught a cold.
  • まるで 夢の ようです。まるで ゆめの ようです。It's just like a dream.
  • あの 二人は 兄弟の ように なかが いいです。あの ふたりは きょうだいの ように なかが いいです。Those two get on like brothers.

The basics

You arrive at a house: lights off, shutters closed. You can't be sure, but you conclude nobody's in. 〜ようだ is that deduction based on your own observations: “it seems that, it looks as if”.

The same word is also used for comparisons: 〜の ようだ, “like…”. What they share: one thing resembles another, or a situation points to a conclusion.

The sentence, piece by piece
だれもnobody
いないis there (plain)
ようですit seems that

It seems nobody's in.

  • other
  • verb
  • grammatical form
  • 外は 寒い ようです。みんな コートを 着て います。そとは さむい ようです。みんな コートを きて います。It seems cold outside: everyone's wearing a coat.

How to form it

よう is a noun: it attaches like any noun. Verbs and い-adjectives in the plain form directly; な-adjectives with な; nouns with の.

よう then behaves like a な-adjective: 〜ような + noun, 〜ように + verb or adjective.

TypeIt seems that…Before a nounBefore a verb
verb行った ようだ行った ような行った ように
い-adjective高い ようだ高い ような高い ように
な-adjective静かな ようだ静かな ような静かな ように
noun病気の ようだ夢の ような兄弟の ように
  • この 店は 有名な ようですね。いつも 人が ならんで います。この みせは ゆうめいな ようですね。いつも ひとが ならんで います。This restaurant seems to be famous: there's always a queue.
  • 田中さんは 今日は 休みの ようです。たなかさんは きょうは やすみの ようです。It seems Mr Tanaka is off today.

Comparing: “like”

With まるで (“just, exactly”) in front, ようだ compares two things that aren't the same: まるで 夢の ようだ, “it's just like a dream”.

〜の ような + noun: “a N like…”. 〜の ように + verb: “to do like…”.

  • ここは まるで 日本の ようです。ここは まるで にほんの ようです。You'd think you were in Japan here.
  • たこやきの ような まるい 形の パンです。たこやきの ような まるい かたちの パンです。It's a round bun, like a takoyaki.
  • 先生の ように 上手に 話したいです。せんせいの ように じょうずに はなしたいです。I'd like to speak as well as the teacher.

ようだ or そうだ?

そうだ (appearance) describes an immediate impression, just from looking. ようだ draws a conclusion from clues: you reason a little. And for information someone told you, it's the hearsay そうだ, not ようだ.

In conversation, ようだ sounds careful. Among friends, people tend to say みたい, coming right after.

FormWhat it's based onExample
stem + そうだwhat you see, right now雨が 降りそうだ(the sky is black)
〜ようだclues you interpret雨が 降った ようだ(the ground is wet)
plain + そうだwhat you've heard雨が 降るそうだ(the forecast said so)

Common mistakes

  • Forgetting の after a noun or な after a な-adjective: 病気の ようだ, 静かな ようだ.
  • Using ようだ for something you heard on the radio: that's the hearsay そうだ.
  • Mixing up ようだ (deduction) and the appearance そうだ (immediate impression).

8 exercises on this point

Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N4 point is on the Sennichimae Line (Nights out) of the Osaka subway.