It seems that: 〜ようだ
Plain form + ようです; noun + の ようです; な-adj + な ようです
Plain form + ようだ (noun + の, な-adj + な): “it seems that”, from what you observe. With まるで: “like”. ような + noun, ように + verb.
In short
〜ようだ (polite: 〜ようです) expresses a guess based on what you observe yourself: “it seems that, it looks as if”. It's also used for comparisons: 〜の ようだ, “like, it's like a…”.
- 電気が きえて います。だれも いない ようです。でんきが きえて います。だれも いない ようです。The lights are off. It seems nobody's in.
- 田中さんは かぜを ひいた ようです。たなかさんは かぜを ひいた ようです。It seems Mr Tanaka has caught a cold.
- まるで 夢の ようです。まるで ゆめの ようです。It's just like a dream.
- あの 二人は 兄弟の ように なかが いいです。あの ふたりは きょうだいの ように なかが いいです。Those two get on like brothers.
The basics
You arrive at a house: lights off, shutters closed. You can't be sure, but you conclude nobody's in. 〜ようだ is that deduction based on your own observations: “it seems that, it looks as if”.
The same word is also used for comparisons: 〜の ようだ, “like…”. What they share: one thing resembles another, or a situation points to a conclusion.
It seems nobody's in.
- other
- verb
- grammatical form
- 外は 寒い ようです。みんな コートを 着て います。そとは さむい ようです。みんな コートを きて います。It seems cold outside: everyone's wearing a coat.
How to form it
よう is a noun: it attaches like any noun. Verbs and い-adjectives in the plain form directly; な-adjectives with な; nouns with の.
よう then behaves like a な-adjective: 〜ような + noun, 〜ように + verb or adjective.
| Type | It seems that… | Before a noun | Before a verb |
|---|---|---|---|
| verb | 行った ようだ | 行った ような | 行った ように |
| い-adjective | 高い ようだ | 高い ような | 高い ように |
| な-adjective | 静かな ようだ | 静かな ような | 静かな ように |
| noun | 病気の ようだ | 夢の ような | 兄弟の ように |
- この 店は 有名な ようですね。いつも 人が ならんで います。この みせは ゆうめいな ようですね。いつも ひとが ならんで います。This restaurant seems to be famous: there's always a queue.
- 田中さんは 今日は 休みの ようです。たなかさんは きょうは やすみの ようです。It seems Mr Tanaka is off today.
Comparing: “like”
With まるで (“just, exactly”) in front, ようだ compares two things that aren't the same: まるで 夢の ようだ, “it's just like a dream”.
〜の ような + noun: “a N like…”. 〜の ように + verb: “to do like…”.
- ここは まるで 日本の ようです。ここは まるで にほんの ようです。You'd think you were in Japan here.
- たこやきの ような まるい 形の パンです。たこやきの ような まるい かたちの パンです。It's a round bun, like a takoyaki.
- 先生の ように 上手に 話したいです。せんせいの ように じょうずに はなしたいです。I'd like to speak as well as the teacher.
ようだ or そうだ?
そうだ (appearance) describes an immediate impression, just from looking. ようだ draws a conclusion from clues: you reason a little. And for information someone told you, it's the hearsay そうだ, not ようだ.
In conversation, ようだ sounds careful. Among friends, people tend to say みたい, coming right after.
| Form | What it's based on | Example |
|---|---|---|
| stem + そうだ | what you see, right now | 雨が 降りそうだ(the sky is black) |
| 〜ようだ | clues you interpret | 雨が 降った ようだ(the ground is wet) |
| plain + そうだ | what you've heard | 雨が 降るそうだ(the forecast said so) |
Common mistakes
- Forgetting の after a noun or な after a な-adjective: 病気の ようだ, 静かな ようだ.
- Using ようだ for something you heard on the radio: that's the hearsay そうだ.
- Mixing up ようだ (deduction) and the appearance そうだ (immediate impression).
8 exercises on this point
Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N4 point is on the Sennichimae Line (Nights out) of the Osaka subway.