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Even if: 〜ても

Verb in て + も; い-adj → くても; noun / な-adj + でも

Verb in て + も, い-adj → くても, noun / な-adj + でも: “even if”, the result doesn't change. With いくら / どんなに: “no matter how”; with a question word: “whatever, wherever…”.

In short

〜ても links two ideas that seem to clash: “even if A, B”. The result doesn't change, whatever the condition. Add も to the て-form of the verb; い-adjectives become 〜くても, nouns and な-adjectives take でも.

  • 雨が 降っても、行きます。あめが ふっても、いきます。Even if it rains, I'll go.
  • 高くても、この かばんを 買いたいです。たかくても、この かばんを かいたいです。Even if it's expensive, I want to buy this bag.
  • 日曜日でも、この 店は 開いて います。にちようびでも、この みせは あいて います。This shop is open even on Sundays.
  • いくら 食べても、太りません。いくら たべても、ふとりません。No matter how much I eat, I don't put on weight.

The basics

〜ても is Japanese “even if”. The first part sets a condition; the second says the result stays the same in spite of it: it's raining, and we're going anyway.

The condition can be a mere hypothesis (“even if it rains tomorrow”) or a real fact (“even when it rains, I go out”). Either way, ても announces that it changes nothing.

The sentence, piece by piece
雨がrain (subject)
降ってもeven if it falls
行きますI'll go

Even if it rains, I'll go.

  • noun
  • verb
  • 雨が 降ったら、行きません。あめが ふったら、いきません。If it rains, I won't go. (the rain changes everything)
  • 雨が 降っても、行きます。あめが ふっても、いきます。Even if it rains, I'll go. (the rain changes nothing)

How to form it

For verbs, start from the て-form (seen at N5) and add も. い-adjectives replace い with くても. Nouns and な-adjectives take でも.

In the negative, start from the ない-form: ない → なくても. You already know 〜なくても いい (“don't have to”): that's exactly it, “even if you don't do it, it's fine”.

TypeWordEven if…Even if… not
group 1 verb書く書いても書かなくても
group 2 verb食べる食べても食べなくても
irregular verbsする / 来るしても / 来てもしなくても / 来なくても
い-adjective高い高くても高くなくても
いい (exception)いいよくてもよくなくても
な-adjective静か静かでも静かじゃなくても
noun雨雨でも雨じゃなくても
  • この 本は 子どもが 読んでも わかります。この ほんは こどもが よんでも わかります。Even a child reading this book would understand it.
  • 部屋が 静かでも、ねむれません。へやが しずかでも、ねむれません。Even when the room is quiet, I can't sleep.
  • お金が なくても、幸せです。おかねが なくても、しあわせです。Even without money, I'm happy.

“No matter how…”, “whatever…”

With いくら or どんなに in front, ても means “no matter how much, however much…”: you stress an effort or an amount that isn't enough.

With a question word (何, だれ, どこ, いつ), you get “whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever”: 何を 食べても = whatever I eat.

Careful: on its own, いくら means “how much?”. It's the ても that follows which gives it the meaning “no matter how much”.

  • いくら 電話しても、出ません。いくら でんわしても、でません。No matter how many times I call, nobody answers.
  • どんなに いそがしくても、毎日 母に 電話します。どんなに いそがしくても、まいにち ははに でんわします。However busy I am, I call my mother every day.
  • 大阪は どこへ 行っても、人が 多いですね。おおさかは どこへ いっても、ひとが おおいですね。Wherever you go in Osaka, there are lots of people.
  • だれに 聞いても、わかりませんでした。だれに きいても、わかりませんでした。Whoever I asked, nobody knew.

ても, のに or けど?

All three express a contrast, but not in the same way. ても says the condition doesn't change the result, and also works for a hypothesis. のに talks about a real fact and adds surprise or regret. けど (が) simply contrasts two facts, with no particular emotion.

FormReal fact or hypothesis?What it adds
〜てもboth“even if”: it changes nothing
〜のにreal fact onlysurprise, disappointment, reproach
〜けど / 〜がreal factsimple contrast, no emotion
  • たくさん 勉強しても、試験は 難しいです。たくさん べんきょうしても、しけんは むずかしいです。Even if you study a lot, the exam is difficult.
  • たくさん 勉強したのに、試験に 落ちました。たくさん べんきょうしたのに、しけんに おちました。I studied a lot, and yet I failed the exam (so disappointing).

Common mistakes

  • Forgetting the く of い-adjectives: it's 高くても, never “高いても”.
  • Mixing up でも “even if” (attached to a noun: 雨でも) and でも “but” at the start of a sentence (でも、行きません).
  • Reading いくら as “how much” in いくら 〜ても: here, it's “no matter how much”.
  • Translating every ても as “even if”: with a question word, think “whatever, wherever”.

8 exercises on this point

Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N4 point is on the Chūō Line (Travelling) of the Osaka subway.