Could well, might: 〜かねない
Verb (stem) + かねない
Verb stem + かねない: “could well, is quite capable of”, always for a bad outcome. The opposite of かねる (“be unable to”).
In short
〜かねない flags the risk that an action or situation will lead to a bad outcome: “could well”, “might”, “is quite capable of (doing something stupid)”. The outcome is always bad, and the sentence often sounds like a warning or a criticism. Written and careful spoken register. A paradox to remember: かねる means “to be unable to”, but かねない means “could well”.
- スマホを見ながら運転すると、事故を起こしかねない。すまほをみながらうんてんすると、じこをおこしかねない。Driving while looking at your phone could well cause an accident.
- そんな言い方をしたら、誤解されかねない。そんないいかたをしたら、ごかいされかねない。If you put it like that, you could be misunderstood.
- あの人なら、約束を忘れかねない。あのひとなら、やくそくをわすれかねない。Knowing him, he's quite capable of forgetting his promise.
The basics
かねる means “to find it hard to, to be unable to” (line 1: お答えしかねます). Its negative form かねない therefore says “it's not impossible that”: the danger is real. It's always used for an outcome you fear.
Driving while looking at your phone could well cause an accident.
- verb
- noun
- grammatical form
- 小さなミスが大きな問題になりかねない。ちいさなみすがおおきなもんだいになりかねない。A small mistake could easily turn into a big problem.
How to form it
Take the verb stem (the ます-form without ます) and add かねない. It conjugates like an い-adjective. Polite: かねません.
| Verb | Stem | Form |
|---|---|---|
| 起こす | 起こし | 起こしかねない |
| なる | なり | なりかねない |
| される (passive) | され | 誤解されかねない |
| Polite | — | 〜かねません |
| Before a noun | — | 事故になりかねない運転 |
- この計画は、地元の反対を招きかねません。このけいかくは、じもとのはんたいをまねきかねません。This plan could well provoke local opposition.
- 無理をすると、体を壊しかねない。むりをすると、からだをこわしかねない。If you push yourself too hard, you could make yourself ill.
Always a negative risk
かねない is never used for a happy possibility: ×合格しかねない. For a possible piece of good news, you say かもしれない or 可能性がある.
With あの人なら, 彼なら, it takes on a critical tone: “he'd be quite capable of it” (doing something foolish).
- この調子なら、合格できるかもしれない。このちょうしなら、ごうかくできるかもしれない。At this rate, I might just pass. (positive: no かねない)
かねない, おそれがある, かねる
〜おそれがある (N3) also announces a risk, but in an objective, official tone: weather bulletins, the news (台風が上陸するおそれがある). 〜かねない more often carries the speaker's judgement about someone's behaviour. Finally, かねる (“be unable to”, very polite at work) has the opposite meaning.
| Form | Meaning | Tone |
|---|---|---|
| 〜かねない | could well (bad outcome) | warning, judgement |
| 〜おそれがある | there's a risk that | objective, official |
| 〜かねる | be unable to (polite refusal) | formal, work |
| 〜かもしれない | maybe | neutral, positive or negative |
- 明日は大雨になるおそれがあります。あしたはおおあめになるおそれがあります。There's a risk of heavy rain tomorrow.
Common mistakes
- Mixing up かねない (could well) and かねる (be unable to): the negative flips the meaning.
- Using it for a positive outcome: ×合格しかねない.
- Using the dictionary form: ×起こすかねない. It's the stem: 起こしかねない.
7 exercises on this point
Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N2 point is on the Sakura-dōri Line (Law and safety) of the Nagoya lines.