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Could well, might: 〜かねない

Verb (stem) + かねない

Verb stem + かねない: “could well, is quite capable of”, always for a bad outcome. The opposite of かねる (“be unable to”).

In short

〜かねない flags the risk that an action or situation will lead to a bad outcome: “could well”, “might”, “is quite capable of (doing something stupid)”. The outcome is always bad, and the sentence often sounds like a warning or a criticism. Written and careful spoken register. A paradox to remember: かねる means “to be unable to”, but かねない means “could well”.

  • スマホを見ながら運転すると、事故を起こしかねない。すまほをみながらうんてんすると、じこをおこしかねない。Driving while looking at your phone could well cause an accident.
  • そんな言い方をしたら、誤解されかねない。そんないいかたをしたら、ごかいされかねない。If you put it like that, you could be misunderstood.
  • あの人なら、約束を忘れかねない。あのひとなら、やくそくをわすれかねない。Knowing him, he's quite capable of forgetting his promise.

The basics

かねる means “to find it hard to, to be unable to” (line 1: お答えしかねます). Its negative form かねない therefore says “it's not impossible that”: the danger is real. It's always used for an outcome you fear.

The sentence, piece by piece
スマホを見ながらwhile looking at your phone
運転するとif you drive
事故をan accident (object)
起こしcause (stem)
かねないcould well

Driving while looking at your phone could well cause an accident.

  • verb
  • noun
  • grammatical form
  • 小さなミスが大きな問題になりかねない。ちいさなみすがおおきなもんだいになりかねない。A small mistake could easily turn into a big problem.

How to form it

Take the verb stem (the ます-form without ます) and add かねない. It conjugates like an い-adjective. Polite: かねません.

VerbStemForm
起こす起こし起こしかねない
なるなりなりかねない
される (passive)され誤解されかねない
Polite—〜かねません
Before a noun—事故になりかねない運転
  • この計画は、地元の反対を招きかねません。このけいかくは、じもとのはんたいをまねきかねません。This plan could well provoke local opposition.
  • 無理をすると、体を壊しかねない。むりをすると、からだをこわしかねない。If you push yourself too hard, you could make yourself ill.

Always a negative risk

かねない is never used for a happy possibility: ×合格しかねない. For a possible piece of good news, you say かもしれない or 可能性がある.

With あの人なら, 彼なら, it takes on a critical tone: “he'd be quite capable of it” (doing something foolish).

  • この調子なら、合格できるかもしれない。このちょうしなら、ごうかくできるかもしれない。At this rate, I might just pass. (positive: no かねない)

かねない, おそれがある, かねる

〜おそれがある (N3) also announces a risk, but in an objective, official tone: weather bulletins, the news (台風が上陸するおそれがある). 〜かねない more often carries the speaker's judgement about someone's behaviour. Finally, かねる (“be unable to”, very polite at work) has the opposite meaning.

FormMeaningTone
〜かねないcould well (bad outcome)warning, judgement
〜おそれがあるthere's a risk thatobjective, official
〜かねるbe unable to (polite refusal)formal, work
〜かもしれないmaybeneutral, positive or negative
  • 明日は大雨になるおそれがあります。あしたはおおあめになるおそれがあります。There's a risk of heavy rain tomorrow.

Common mistakes

  • Mixing up かねない (could well) and かねる (be unable to): the negative flips the meaning.
  • Using it for a positive outcome: ×合格しかねない.
  • Using the dictionary form: ×起こすかねない. It's the stem: 起こしかねない.

7 exercises on this point

Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N2 point is on the Sakura-dōri Line (Law and safety) of the Nagoya lines.