On embarking on: 〜にあたって
Verb (dictionary) / N + にあたって/にあたり
N / Verb (dictionary) + にあたって (written: にあたり): when embarking on an important step, and preparing for it. Formal register.
In short
〜にあたって places an action on the threshold of an important step: “on the occasion of, when embarking on, in preparation for” (opening a shop, going to study abroad, launching a project). You use it to say what you do or think as you get ready for it. It's a formal expression (speeches, letters, company announcements); にあたり is even more written.
- 新しい店を開くにあたって、近所の方々に挨拶をして回った。あたらしいみせをひらくにあたって、きんじょのかたがたにあいさつをしてまわった。When I opened my new shop, I went round greeting all the neighbours.
- 留学するにあたり、両親とよく話し合いました。りゅうがくするにあたり、りょうしんとよくはなしあいました。Before going to study abroad, I talked it over at length with my parents.
- 名古屋支店の開店にあたって、社長よりひと言ご挨拶申し上げます。なごやしてんのかいてんにあたって、しゃちょうよりひとことごあいさつもうしあげます。On the occasion of the opening of our Nagoya branch, our president will say a few words.
- この調査を始めるにあたり、次の三点を確認しておきたい。このちょうさをはじめるにあたり、つぎのさんてんをかくにんしておきたい。Before starting this survey, I'd like to confirm the following three points.
The basics
あたる means “to touch, to face”. So 〜にあたって is “in facing” a step: you're on the threshold of an important event (an opening, a departure, a wedding, the start of a project), and you say what you're doing to prepare for it, or in what spirit you approach it.
The expression always has something solemn about it: it signals that the step matters. That's why you meet it in speeches, official letters and company press releases, and much less in conversation between friends.
Before going to study abroad, I talked it over at length with my parents.
- verb
- grammatical form
- noun
- 引っ越しにあたって、いらない家具を全部売った。ひっこしにあたって、いらないかぐをぜんぶうった。To get ready for the move, I sold all the furniture I no longer needed.
- 新年を迎えるにあたり、全社員に社長からメッセージが送られた。しんねんをむかえるにあたり、ぜんしゃいんにしゃちょうからめっせーじがおくられた。As the new year approached, the president sent a message to all employees.
How to form it
You attach it directly to an action noun (開店, 留学, 引っ越し) or to a verb in the dictionary form: the step still lies ahead, never in the past. にあたり is the written continuative form; before a noun, you say にあたっての.
| Construction | Example | Register |
|---|---|---|
| N + にあたって | 開店にあたって | formal, spoken and written |
| Verb (dictionary) + にあたって | 留学するにあたって | formal, spoken and written |
| N / Verb + にあたり | 調査を始めるにあたり | written, speeches |
| にあたっての + N | 開店にあたってのご挨拶 | written (headings, letters) |
- 会社を作るにあたって、たくさんの人に相談した。かいしゃをつくるにあたって、たくさんのひとにそうだんした。When setting up my company, I asked lots of people for advice.
- これは、新商品の発売にあたってのお知らせです。これは、しんしょうひんのはつばいにあたってのおしらせです。This is an announcement on the occasion of the launch of the new product.
A step that matters, not an everyday act
にあたって is only used for a step out of the ordinary. “歯を磨くにあたって” (“on embarking on brushing my teeth”) raises a smile: it's a daily act, so you just say 歯を磨く前に.
In a letter or a speech, the phrase often opens the sentence to announce what you're about to say: 卒業式を迎えるにあたり、ひと言申し上げます (“on the occasion of this graduation ceremony, allow me to say a few words”).
- 大会の開始にあたり、選手を代表して挨拶します。たいかいのかいしにあたり、せんしゅをだいひょうしてあいさつします。As the tournament opens, I'll speak on behalf of the athletes.
- 家を買うにあたって、銀行で話を聞いてきた。いえをかうにあたって、ぎんこうではなしをきいてきた。With a view to buying a house, I went to the bank to find out more.
にあたって, に際して or とき?
に際して (next point) is almost a synonym and just as formal, but it focuses on the moment itself; にあたって looks forward instead: the preparation, the frame of mind in which you approach the step.
とき is neutral and applies to any moment, ordinary or not. If you're unsure in an everyday conversation, とき or 前に are always the safer choice.
| Expression | Nuance | Register |
|---|---|---|
| にあたって | on the threshold of a step, preparing for it | formal |
| に際して | at the very moment of a one-off event | formal, very written |
| とき | when, any moment | neutral |
| 前に | before, simple time order | neutral |
- 日本に来たとき、空港で道に迷った。にほんにきたとき、くうこうでみちにまよった。When I arrived in Japan, I got lost at the airport. (just a moment in time)
- 日本で働くにあたって、ビザの準備を始めた。にほんではたらくにあたって、びざのじゅんびをはじめた。With a view to working in Japan, I've started preparing my visa.
Common mistakes
- Using it for an everyday act: “歯を磨くにあたって” is comical. Keep it for an important step.
- Putting the verb in the past: you say 留学するにあたって, never “留学したにあたって”: the step is still to come or under way.
- Mixing up にあたって (on embarking on) and にあたる (to correspond to, point on line 3).
- Always translating it as “regarding”: it's not a topic of discussion, it's a moment.
7 exercises on this point
Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N2 point is on the Higashiyama Line (The working world) of the Nagoya lines.