Too much: 〜すぎる
Stem + すぎる; い-adj (without い) + すぎる; な-adj + すぎる
Stem, い-adj without い, or な-adj + すぎる = too (an unwelcome excess). いい → よすぎる, ない → なさすぎる. Conjugates like a group 2 verb; 〜すぎ can become a noun.
In short
すぎる means “to go past”. Attached to a verb or an adjective, it means “too (much)”: 食べすぎる (to eat too much), 高すぎる (too expensive), 静かすぎる (too quiet). It always expresses an excess, something that's a problem, never just “very”.
- きのうは 食べすぎました。きのうは たべすぎました。I ate too much yesterday.
- この かばんは 高すぎます。この かばんは たかすぎます。This bag is too expensive.
- この 部屋は 静かすぎて、ちょっと 怖い。この へやは しずかすぎて、ちょっと こわい。This room is too quiet, it's a bit creepy.
- お酒の 飲みすぎは 体に よくない。おさけの のみすぎは からだに よくない。Drinking too much alcohol isn't good for your health.
The basics
すぎる means “to pass, to exceed”. Added to a verb or an adjective, it says you've gone past the right amount: eat too much, too expensive, too far. There's always a problem behind it: you have a stomach ache, you can't afford it, you're tired.
This bag is too expensive.
- noun
- adjective
- grammatical form
- ゆうべ テレビを 見すぎて、目が 疲れた。ゆうべ テレビを みすぎて、めが つかれた。I watched too much TV last night, and now my eyes are tired.
- 駅から 遠すぎる 部屋は ちょっと…。えきから とおすぎる へやは ちょっと…。A flat that's too far from the station, hmm…
How to form it
Verb: stem (the ます-form without ます) + すぎる. い-adjective: drop the final い. な-adjective: just add すぎる. Two special forms: いい → よすぎる, and ない → なさすぎる.
| Type | Base | Too… |
|---|---|---|
| verb | 食べる → 食べ | 食べすぎる |
| verb | 飲む → 飲み | 飲みすぎる |
| verb | する → し | しすぎる |
| い-adjective | 高い → 高 | 高すぎる |
| な-adjective | 静か | 静かすぎる |
| exception | いい → よ | よすぎる |
| exception | ない → なさ | なさすぎる |
- この 話は よすぎて、ちょっと あやしい。この はなしは よすぎて、ちょっと あやしい。This deal is too good to be true, it's a bit suspicious.
- かれは 元気が なさすぎる。どうしたんだろう。かれは げんきが なさすぎる。どうしたんだろう。He looks really down. I wonder what's wrong.
A group 2 verb, and a noun
すぎる conjugates like 食べる: すぎます, すぎた, すぎない, すぎて. The て-form often gives the cause: 高すぎて 買えない (it's too expensive, I can't buy it).
With a verb, stem + すぎ also becomes a noun: 飲みすぎ (drinking too much), 食べすぎ, 働きすぎ. Handy for talking about it as a problem: 働きすぎに 気を つけて (be careful not to overwork).
- おなかが 痛い。食べすぎだ。おなかが いたい。たべすぎだ。My stomach hurts. I've overeaten.
Too isn't very
おいしすぎる does exist in young people's casual speech to mean “so good”, but in normal use 〜すぎる is negative. For “very”, use とても, すごく or 本当に.
- この たこやき、とても おいしい!この たこやき、とても おいしい!These takoyaki are really good!
Common mistakes
- Keeping the adjective's い: “高いすぎる” is wrong; it's 高すぎる.
- Saying “いすぎる” for いい: the correct form is よすぎる.
- Using 〜すぎる to mean “very”: it's an excess that causes a problem. For “very”, say とても.
- Using the dictionary form instead of the stem: “食べるすぎる” is wrong; it's 食べすぎる.
8 exercises on this point
Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N4 point is on the Yotsubashi Line (Shopping) of the Osaka subway.