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Seeing and hearing without trying: 見える・聞こえる

N が 見えます/聞こえます

見える/聞こえる: what reaches your eyes or ears without trying (N が 見える). 見られる/聞ける: the opportunity to watch or listen, if you choose to.

In short

見える and 聞こえる describe what reaches your eyes and ears without any effort: 窓から 山が 見える (you can see the mountain from the window), となりから 音が 聞こえる (you can hear noise next door). The potentials 見られる and 聞ける, on the other hand, talk about an opportunity you choose to use: この 映画は ネットで 見られる.

  • 窓から ふじさんが 見えます。まどから ふじさんが みえます。You can see Mount Fuji from the window.
  • となりの 部屋から 音が 聞こえます。となりの へやから おとが きこえます。I can hear noise from the room next door.
  • この 映画は インターネットで 見られます。この えいがは インターネットで みられます。You can watch this film on the Internet.
  • この アプリで 日本の ラジオが 聞けます。この アプリで にほんの ラジオが きけます。You can listen to Japanese radio with this app.

The basics

English distinguishes “look” from “see” and “listen” from “hear”. So does Japanese: 見る / 聞く are deliberate actions, while 見える / 聞こえる describe what reaches your senses on its own — close to English “I can see…”, “I can hear…”.

What you see or hear becomes the subject, with が: 山が 見える, literally “the mountain is visible”.

The sentence, piece by piece
窓からfrom the window
ふじさんがMount Fuji (subject)
見えますbe visible, can be seen

You can see Mount Fuji from the window.

  • noun
  • verb
  • あ、つうてんかくが 見える!あ、つうてんかくが みえる!Oh, you can see Tsūtenkaku Tower!
  • 夜は 電車の 音が よく 聞こえる。よるは でんしゃの おとが よく きこえる。At night, you can really hear the trains.

Four verbs not to mix up

見える and 聞こえる: the perception comes by itself (the eye sees, the ear hears). 見られる and 聞ける: the potentials of 見る and 聞く; you have the opportunity to watch or listen to something if you want to (a film online, a concert, a programme).

VerbMeaningExample
見えるto see (without trying), be visible窓から 海が 見える
見られるto be able to watch (opportunity)ネットで 映画が 見られる
聞こえるto hear (without trying), be audibleとなりの 音が 聞こえる
聞けるto be able to listen (opportunity)アプリで 音楽が 聞ける
  • おおさかじょうの 上から 町が よく 見えます。おおさかじょうの うえから まちが よく みえます。From the top of Osaka Castle, you get a good view of the city.
  • この 公園では 夏に 花火が 見られます。この こうえんでは なつに はなびが みられます。In this park, you can see fireworks in summer.

When your senses can't keep up

In the negative, 見えない and 聞こえない talk about the limits of your senses or the conditions: too far, too noisy, poor eyesight. 見られない and 聞けない say you don't have the opportunity: the programme has finished, the site is closed.

  • うしろの 席だと、よく 見えないよ。うしろの せきだと、よく みえないよ。You can't see very well from the back seats.
  • あの 番組は もう 見られません。あの ばんぐみは もう みられません。That programme isn't available any more.

Common mistakes

  • Saying “ここから 海が 見られる” for a simple view: the view is just there, so it's 見える.
  • Mixing up 聞こえる (to hear) and 聞ける (to have the chance to listen).
  • Using を: you say 山が 見える, 音が 聞こえる, never “山を 見える”.

8 exercises on this point

Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N4 point is on the Tanimachi Line (Learning) of the Osaka subway.