Getting someone to do something: 〜てもらう
A は B に 〜て もらう
A は B に 〜て もらう: A gets a favour from B. The beneficiary is the subject; the person acting takes に. Often a favour that was asked for.
In short
A は B に 〜て もらう: A gets a favour from B; B does something for A. The subject is the one who benefits (often me); the person doing the action takes に. It's often a favour that was asked for.
- 友だちに 写真を とって もらいました。ともだちに しゃしんを とって もらいました。A friend took a photo of me.
- 田中さんに 駅まで 送って もらった。たなかさんに えきまで おくって もらった。Mr Tanaka walked me to the station.
- 母に 新しい 服を 買って もらいました。ははに あたらしい ふくを かって もらいました。My mother bought me some new clothes.
- 病院で 医者に 見て もらいました。びょういんで いしゃに みて もらいました。I had a doctor examine me at the hospital.
The basics
もらう means “to receive”. With a て-form verb in front, you receive an action: someone does something for me, and I'm the subject of the sentence. The closest English is “to have / get someone to do something”: “I got a friend to take my photo”. Often, though, English just says “a friend took my photo (for me)”.
The person doing the favour is marked with に: the favour comes from them.
A friend took a photo of me.
- noun
- verb
- grammatical form
- 日本人の 友だちに 日本語を 教えて もらって います。にほんじんの ともだちに にほんごを おしえて もらって います。A Japanese friend is teaching me Japanese.
Who does what?
Remember the roles: the beneficiary is the subject (は or が, often unspoken when it's me), the person acting takes に, and the object of the action keeps を.
| Role | Particle | Example |
|---|---|---|
| the one receiving the favour | は / が | わたしは |
| the one doing the favour | に | 田中さんに |
| the object of the action | を | 道を |
| the favour | verb in て + もらう | 教えて もらった |
- わたしは 田中さんに 道を 教えて もらいました。わたしは たなかさんに みちを おしえて もらいました。Mr Tanaka showed me the way.
- 妹は 父に 自転車を 直して もらった。いもうとは ちちに じてんしゃを なおして もらった。My father fixed my little sister's bike for her.
One scene, three sentences
あげる, くれる and もらう often describe the same scene from a different angle. Compare:
| Sentence | Subject | Point of view |
|---|---|---|
| 田中さんが 道を 教えて くれた | Tanaka (the helper) | he was kind to me |
| わたしは 田中さんに 道を 教えて もらった | me (the one receiving) | I got his help |
| わたしは 田中さんに 道を 教えて あげた | me (the helper) | I'm the one who helped Tanaka |
- 田中さんが 道を 教えて くれました。たなかさんが みちを おしえて くれました。Mr Tanaka showed me the way (it was kind of him).
- 田中さんに 道を 教えて もらいました。たなかさんに みちを おしえて もらいました。I asked Mr Tanaka the way, and he showed me.
A nuance: it's often been asked for
くれる highlights the other person's kindness; もらう highlights the fact that I obtained the favour, often because I asked for it. For something unpleasant you undergo, もらう doesn't work: you need another form (the passive, coming later).
- 店の 人に 頼んで、プレゼントを つつんで もらいました。みせの ひとに たのんで、プレゼントを つつんで もらいました。I asked the shop assistant to gift-wrap the present, and they did.
Common mistakes
- Swapping the roles: with もらう, the person acting takes に, not が (友だちに とって もらった).
- Translating word for word with “receive”: in English, say “he… for me” or “I had / got him to…”.
- Using it for something unpleasant (“I had my wallet stolen”): もらう implies a benefit.
7 exercises on this point
Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N4 point is on the Sakaisuji Line (Doing favours) of the Osaka subway.