Used for: 〜のに(purpose)
Dictionary form + のに; noun + に
Dictionary form + のに (noun + に) + 使う / かかる / いる / ひつよう / 便利 / いい: “for”, the use, cost or what's needed. Not to be confused with のに “even though”.
In short
After the dictionary form, 〜のに can indicate a use or what it takes to do something: “for, to”. It's found with a small group of words: 使う (to be used for), かかる (to take time, to cost), いる (to need), ひつようだ (necessary), 便利だ (handy), いい (good for).
- この はさみは 紙を 切るのに 使います。この はさみは かみを きるのに つかいます。These scissors are for cutting paper.
- 駅まで 行くのに 十分 かかります。えきまで いくのに じゅっぷん かかります。It takes ten minutes to get to the station.
- この かばんは 旅行するのに 便利です。この かばんは りょこうするのに べんりです。This bag is handy for travelling.
- 家を 買うのに お金が たくさん いります。いえを かうのに おかねが たくさん いります。You need a lot of money to buy a house.
The basics
の turns the verb into a noun (“cutting”), and に says “for”. 紙を 切るのに 使う: “you use it for cutting paper”. This pattern answers practical questions: what it's for, how long it takes, how much it costs, what you need.
These scissors are for cutting paper.
- noun
- verb
- grammatical form
- この アプリは 電車の 時間を 調べるのに 使います。この アプリは でんしゃの じかんを しらべるのに つかいます。This app is for looking up train times.
How to form it, and with what
Dictionary-form verb + のに. With an action noun, just use に: 旅行に 便利, 勉強に いい. What follows is almost always one of these words:
| Followed by | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 使う | to be used for | 切るのに 使う |
| かかる | to take (time, money) | 行くのに 十分 かかる |
| いる / ひつようだ | to need, to be necessary | 買うのに お金が いる |
| 便利だ / いい | handy, good for | 旅行するのに 便利だ |
- この 本を 読むのに 一週間 かかりました。この ほんを よむのに いっしゅうかん かかりました。It took me a week to read this book.
- この 町は 子どもを 育てるのに いい ところです。この まちは こどもを そだてるのに いい ところです。This town is a good place to raise children.
Two very different のに
You've already seen のに meaning “even though, and yet” (勉強したのに、落ちた). To tell them apart, look at two clues: what comes before (only the dictionary form, here) and what follows (使う, かかる, いる, 便利, ひつよう, いい).
| のに “even though” | のに “for” | |
|---|---|---|
| before | any plain form (past, negative…) | dictionary form |
| after | a clause that contradicts | 使う, かかる, いる, 便利… |
| example | 雨が 降って いるのに 出かけた | 出かけるのに 時間が かかる |
- たくさん れんしゅうしたのに、負けました。たくさん れんしゅうしたのに、まけました。I trained a lot, and yet I lost.
のに or ために?
ために describes the goal of someone acting (“I'm saving up to buy a house”). のに describes usefulness, cost or what's needed, in general terms (“you need money to buy a house”).
- 家を 買う ために、お金を ためて います。いえを かう ために、おかねを ためて います。I'm saving up to buy a house. (my goal)
- 家を 買うのに、お金が たくさん いります。いえを かうのに、おかねが たくさん いります。You need a lot of money to buy a house. (what's needed)
Common mistakes
- Mixing up this のに with のに “even though”: look at what follows (使う, かかる, いる, 便利, ひつよう…).
- Using the た-form: it's always the dictionary form (行くのに, not “行ったのに”, which would mean “even though I went”).
- Using it for a personal goal with a deliberate action (“to buy a house, I'm saving up”): that's ために.
8 exercises on this point
Particles to choose, sentences to put back in order, translations: marked straight away, then reviewed at the right time. This JLPT N4 point is on the Sakaisuji Line (Doing favours) of the Osaka subway.